International surrogacy has transformed family-building for millions of intended parents worldwide. Whether you are a heterosexual couple facing infertility, an LGBTQ+ couple, or a single person dreaming of parenthood, surrogacy offers a path to the family you have always envisioned. This comprehensive guide will walk you through every aspect of international surrogacy in 2026, helping you make informed decisions at every step of your journey.
The global surrogacy landscape has evolved dramatically over the past decade. Countries have established clearer legal frameworks, medical technology has improved success rates, and platforms like GlobalStork have made the process more transparent and accessible than ever before. Yet with these opportunities come important decisions: Which country is right for your situation? How much will it cost? What legal protections exist? This guide answers all these questions and more.
1. Understanding Types of Surrogacy
Before exploring international destinations, it is essential to understand the two main types of surrogacy arrangements. This distinction affects everything from legal considerations to emotional dynamics and available destinations.
Gestational Surrogacy
In gestational surrogacy, the surrogate (often called a gestational carrier) has no genetic connection to the baby. An embryo is created through IVF using eggs from the intended mother or an egg donor and sperm from the intended father or a sperm donor, then transferred to the surrogate's uterus.
Traditional Surrogacy
In traditional surrogacy, the surrogate uses her own eggs, making her the genetic mother of the child. This is achieved through artificial insemination with the intended father's (or donor's) sperm. This approach is rarely used today and is not available in most international destinations.
GlobalStork Recommendation
We strongly recommend gestational surrogacy for international arrangements. The legal clarity, professional support, and established frameworks make it the safest and most straightforward path to parenthood. All agencies and clinics in our network exclusively offer gestational surrogacy.
2. Country-by-Country Overview
Choosing the right destination is one of the most important decisions you will make. Each country offers different advantages in terms of cost, legal framework, inclusivity, and logistics. Here is a comprehensive overview of all nine countries where GlobalStork operates.
United States
The Gold Standard
Cost Range
$120,000 - $200,000
Timeline
18-24 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Fully Welcome
Single Parents
Welcome
The United States offers unmatched legal protections and the most inclusive policies worldwide. Surrogacy-friendly states like California, Connecticut, Nevada, Washington, and Oregon provide pre-birth orders that establish legal parentage before the baby is even born. Your names go directly on the birth certificate, and your child is automatically a US citizen by birthright.
While the US is the most expensive option, it offers the highest success rates, the most comprehensive screening of surrogates, and the strongest legal protections available anywhere. For intended parents who prioritize certainty and are able to invest accordingly, the US remains the premier destination.
Canada
Altruistic Model
Cost Range
$80,000 - $120,000
Timeline
18-30 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Fully Welcome
Single Parents
Welcome
Canada operates on an altruistic model, meaning surrogates cannot receive compensation beyond reimbursement for pregnancy-related expenses. This results in lower overall costs but also means longer wait times to find a matched surrogate. Canadian surrogates are motivated purely by the desire to help others build families.
The country offers strong LGBTQ+ protections and a familiar legal system for English-speaking intended parents. British Columbia and Ontario are the most popular provinces for surrogacy. The main challenge is the limited surrogate pool due to the altruistic model.
Colombia
Most Inclusive Affordable Option
Cost Range
$50,000 - $70,000
Timeline
16-20 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Fully Welcome
Single Parents
All Welcome
Colombia has emerged as the most popular destination for LGBTQ+ couples and single intended parents seeking affordable surrogacy. Since legalizing same-sex marriage in 2016, Colombia has established clear legal precedent for surrogacy for all family types. Both parents can be listed on the birth certificate after a post-birth court process.
Another unique advantage of Colombia is that no genetic link is required between the intended parents and the child. This means double donation (both egg and sperm donors) is permitted, opening doors for intended parents who cannot use their own gametes. The country also shares time zones with North America, making communication convenient.
Mexico (Sinaloa)
Proximity to US
Cost Range
$55,000 - $80,000
Timeline
17-21 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Limited
Single Parents
Limited
Mexico offers geographic convenience for North American intended parents, with short flights and shared time zones. Sinaloa state has explicit surrogacy legislation that permits international intended parents, though with more restrictive eligibility than Colombia or the US.
The Mexican legal system requires court approval before embryo transfer, adding to the timeline but providing judicial oversight of the arrangement. While primarily serving heterosexual couples, some agencies are beginning to work with LGBTQ+ intended parents on a case-by-case basis.
Ukraine
Established Framework
Cost Range
$45,000 - $65,000
Timeline
14-18 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Not Available
Single Parents
Not Available
Ukraine has one of the world's longest-established surrogacy frameworks, with laws dating back to 2002. The legal clarity is exceptional: intended parents are recognized as legal parents from birth, with their names going directly on the birth certificate. The surrogate has no parental rights under Ukrainian law.
Following the 2022-2024 conflict, Ukraine has made significant recovery, and surrogacy operations have resumed in safe areas including Kyiv and western Ukraine. However, the country only permits surrogacy for married heterosexual couples with a documented medical need for surrogacy.
Georgia (Country)
Most Affordable
Cost Range
$40,000 - $55,000
Timeline
13-16 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Not Available
Single Parents
Women Only
Georgia (the country in the Caucasus, not the US state) offers the most affordable surrogacy option globally while maintaining European medical standards. The legal framework is remarkably clear: intended parents are recognized as parents from conception, not just birth. This provides exceptional legal security.
The country is open to married heterosexual couples and single women with a medical indication for surrogacy. Georgia offers warm hospitality, a safe environment for international visitors, and a growing reputation for fertility tourism. Tbilisi has several well-equipped fertility clinics.
Argentina
Emerging LGBTQ+ Friendly
Cost Range
$50,000 - $75,000
Timeline
16-22 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Welcome
Single Parents
Welcome
Argentina was the first Latin American country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2010 and has progressive policies toward assisted reproduction. While there is no specific surrogacy law, court precedent supports gestational surrogacy arrangements, and the country is increasingly popular among LGBTQ+ intended parents.
Buenos Aires offers world-class fertility clinics with English-speaking staff. The legal process requires court approval for parentage, similar to Colombia. Argentina is an excellent choice for Spanish-speaking intended parents or those comfortable working with translators.
Greece
European Union Option
Cost Range
$60,000 - $90,000
Timeline
18-24 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Limited
Single Parents
Women Only
Greece is one of the few European Union countries with a legal framework for surrogacy. The altruistic model limits surrogate compensation but ensures a regulated environment. Greek law permits surrogacy for women who cannot carry a pregnancy due to medical conditions.
As an EU member, Greece offers excellent medical standards and familiar travel logistics for European intended parents. Athens has several fertility clinics with international experience. The legal process requires court authorization before the surrogacy can proceed.
Cyprus
Mediterranean Hub
Cost Range
$55,000 - $85,000
Timeline
16-20 months
LGBTQ+ Status
Limited
Single Parents
Limited
Cyprus operates in a legal gray zone where surrogacy is neither explicitly legal nor prohibited. This has allowed fertility clinics to develop surrogacy programs, though without the same legal clarity as Ukraine or the US. Most programs work with surrogates from neighboring countries.
The island offers excellent fertility clinics, many with English-speaking staff, and is accessible from both Europe and the Middle East. For intended parents from countries where surrogacy is prohibited, Cyprus can provide a pathway, though careful legal planning is essential.
3. Cost Comparison by Country
Understanding costs is critical for planning your journey. Below is a comprehensive comparison of what you can expect to pay in each destination. Remember that costs can vary based on individual circumstances, medical needs, and whether egg or sperm donation is required.
| Country | Total Range | Agency Fees | Surrogate Comp. | Medical/IVF | Legal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸USA | $120K-$200K | $20K-$35K | $35K-$60K | $25K-$50K | $10K-$20K |
| 🇨🇦Canada | $80K-$120K | $15K-$25K | Expenses only | $20K-$35K | $8K-$15K |
| 🇨🇴Colombia | $50K-$70K | $18K-$28K | $18K-$25K | $10K-$15K | $8K-$13K |
| 🇲🇽Mexico | $55K-$80K | $20K-$30K | $18K-$25K | $12K-$18K | $11K-$17K |
| 🇺🇦Ukraine | $45K-$65K | $15K-$25K | $15K-$20K | $10K-$15K | $3K-$5K |
| 🇬🇪Georgia | $40K-$55K | $12K-$18K | $12K-$16K | $6K-$10K | $2K-$4K |
| 🇦🇷Argentina | $50K-$75K | $15K-$22K | $15K-$20K | $12K-$18K | $8K-$12K |
| 🇬🇷Greece | $60K-$90K | $18K-$28K | Expenses only | $18K-$30K | $10K-$15K |
| 🇨🇾Cyprus | $55K-$85K | $15K-$25K | $15K-$22K | $15K-$25K | $8K-$12K |
Additional Costs to Consider
- Egg Donation: $5,000 - $20,000 depending on destination
- Sperm Donation: $500 - $2,000
- Travel & Accommodation: $3,000 - $15,000 (varies by destination and length of stay)
- Insurance: $5,000 - $40,000 (highest in USA)
- Escrow & Administrative: $2,000 - $5,000
- Document Translation & Apostille: $500 - $2,000
4. Legal Considerations by Country
Understanding the legal landscape is essential for a secure surrogacy journey. Legal frameworks determine how parentage is established, whether pre-birth orders are available, and what documentation you will need to bring your baby home.
Pre-Birth vs. Post-Birth Orders
Pre-Birth Orders (Available in USA)
A court order obtained during pregnancy that establishes intended parents as legal parents before birth. Your names go directly on the original birth certificate. The surrogate never has legal parental rights.
Post-Birth Orders (Most Other Countries)
Court processes completed after the baby is born to transfer legal parentage to intended parents. Timeframes vary from 2 weeks (Georgia) to 2 months (Colombia). Some countries require the surrogate to relinquish rights.
Genetic Link Requirements
Genetic Link Required
At least one intended parent must be genetically related to the child:
Double Donation Permitted
Both egg and sperm can come from donors:
Citizenship Considerations
Your child's citizenship depends on multiple factors including your home country's citizenship laws, the surrogacy destination, and whether you have a genetic link to the child. Key considerations:
- USA: Babies born in the US are automatically US citizens (birthright citizenship)
- Other destinations: Citizenship typically transmitted from parents, requiring embassy processes
- DNA testing: Many embassies require DNA testing to confirm genetic parentage
- CRBA: US parents abroad need Consular Report of Birth Abroad for citizenship
Legal Support Is Essential
Every surrogacy journey requires legal expertise in both your home country and the destination country. GlobalStork connects you with experienced attorneys who specialize in international family law and surrogacy. Never attempt to navigate legal processes without professional guidance.
5. The International Surrogacy Process
While specific steps vary by destination, the overall surrogacy journey follows a similar pattern. Understanding this process helps you prepare emotionally, financially, and logistically for the road ahead.
Research & Decision-Making
1-3 monthsExplore destinations, understand costs, and evaluate your eligibility. This is the time to research agencies, understand legal frameworks, and determine which country aligns with your needs, budget, and family type.
Agency Selection & Enrollment
2-4 weeksChoose a reputable agency or clinic in your destination country. Review contracts carefully, understand all fees, and complete the enrollment process. This typically includes submitting medical records and background information.
Surrogate Matching
1-4 monthsReview surrogate profiles and find your match. This is a deeply personal process where you will learn about potential surrogates' backgrounds, motivations, and health histories. Some intended parents match quickly; others prefer to take time.
Legal & Medical Preparation
1-3 monthsComplete legal contracts between all parties and begin the medical process. This includes IVF procedures, egg retrieval (if using intended mother's or donor's eggs), and embryo creation. Legal contracts must be finalized before embryo transfer in most jurisdictions.
Embryo Transfer & Confirmation
2-4 weeksThe embryo is transferred to your surrogate's uterus. After about two weeks, a pregnancy test confirms whether the transfer was successful. Some journeys require multiple transfer attempts.
Pregnancy Journey
9 monthsYour surrogate carries your baby with regular prenatal care and monitoring. You will receive updates throughout the pregnancy and may communicate directly with your surrogate based on your agreed relationship.
Birth & Legal Documentation
1-6 weeksYour baby arrives! Depending on the destination, you will complete pre-birth or post-birth legal processes to establish parentage. This includes obtaining the birth certificate with your names and any required court orders.
Coming Home
1-4 weeksComplete citizenship and passport processes for your baby, including any embassy requirements. Once documentation is complete, you will travel home with your new family member.
6. LGBTQ+ Considerations
Building a family as an LGBTQ+ intended parent requires careful destination selection. While many countries now welcome all family types, others have restrictions that may exclude same-sex couples or require creative approaches.
LGBTQ+ Friendly Destinations
- 🇺🇸USA (select states)
Full legal equality, pre-birth orders for both parents
- 🇨🇦Canada
Strong protections, altruistic model
- 🇨🇴Colombia
Best affordable option for LGBTQ+ families
- 🇦🇷Argentina
Progressive policies, emerging destination
Restricted Destinations
- 🇺🇦Ukraine
Married heterosexual couples only
- 🇬🇪Georgia
Heterosexual couples and single women only
- 🇲🇽Mexico
Limited options, case-by-case basis
- 🇬🇷Greece
Women with medical indication only
Special Considerations for Gay Male Couples
- Egg Donor Selection: You will need an egg donor. Consider whether you prefer known or anonymous, and what characteristics matter to you.
- Whose Sperm: Decide whether one partner will be the genetic father, or if you will create embryos with both partners' sperm for multiple children.
- Legal Parentage for Both Parents: In some jurisdictions, the non-genetic parent may need to complete a second-parent adoption. Choose destinations where both parents are recognized from birth.
Special Considerations for Lesbian Couples
- Reciprocal IVF: One partner provides eggs while the other carries the pregnancy, allowing both to have a biological connection. When using a surrogate, one partner's eggs can create a strong connection.
- Sperm Donor Selection: Consider known vs. anonymous donors and what level of openness you prefer for your child's future.
7. What to Look for in a Surrogacy Platform
Your choice of platform or agency significantly impacts your surrogacy experience. Here are the key factors to evaluate when making this critical decision.
Transparency
Clear, upfront pricing with no hidden fees. Complete breakdown of all costs before you commit. Honest about timelines and potential challenges.
Verification
Thorough screening of surrogates including medical, psychological, and background checks. Verification of agency credentials and clinic accreditation.
Legal Expertise
Access to experienced attorneys in both home and destination countries. Clear guidance on contracts, parentage, and citizenship.
Support Throughout
Dedicated support from inquiry through bringing baby home. 24/7 availability for urgent matters. Ongoing communication and updates.
Ethical Commitment
Fair compensation for surrogates. Respect for surrogate autonomy and wellbeing. Commitment to ethical practices beyond legal minimums.
Track Record
Proven success with families like yours. Positive reviews and testimonials. Willingness to provide references from past clients.
Why GlobalStork?
GlobalStork was founded by intended parents who experienced the surrogacy journey firsthand. We built the platform we wished had existed for our own families—one that prioritizes transparency, ethics, and support at every step.
- Complete cost transparency—no hidden fees, ever
- Vetted agencies across 9 countries
- LGBTQ+ welcoming and committed to all family types
- Personalized support from journey start to homecoming
8. Frequently Asked Questions
How long does international surrogacy take from start to finish?
The typical timeline ranges from 14-24 months depending on your destination. This includes 1-4 months for matching, 1-3 months for legal and medical preparation, 9 months of pregnancy, and 1-6 weeks for post-birth documentation. Some countries like Georgia can be faster (13-16 months), while countries requiring court processes like Colombia may take longer (16-20 months).
Is international surrogacy legal in my home country?
Surrogacy laws vary significantly by country. Some countries (like the US, UK, and Australia) recognize international surrogacy arrangements and have processes for bringing your baby home. Others (like France and Germany) may have more complex requirements. It is essential to consult with a lawyer in your home country before beginning an international journey.
What happens if the surrogacy fails or there are complications?
Reputable agencies and contracts address potential complications including failed transfers, miscarriage, and medical emergencies. Most programs include provisions for additional transfer attempts if the first does not succeed. Insurance and contingency funds help cover unexpected medical costs. Your agency should clearly explain all scenarios before you begin.
Can I meet my surrogate before the journey begins?
Yes, most programs facilitate video calls and sometimes in-person meetings before confirming a match. The level of ongoing contact during pregnancy varies based on mutual preferences. Some intended parents develop close relationships with their surrogates; others prefer more limited communication. Both approaches are valid.
What if I am single? Can I still pursue surrogacy?
Absolutely. Single intended parents are welcome in the USA (select states), Colombia, Canada, and Argentina. Single women are also eligible in Georgia and some other destinations. Check our Single Parent Surrogacy Guide for detailed information on your options.
How do I pay for surrogacy? Are there financing options?
Surrogacy is a significant investment, but financing options exist. Surrogacy loans from specialized lenders, fertility grants, employer benefits, home equity loans, and payment plans from agencies can all help make surrogacy accessible. Some intended parents combine multiple sources of funding.
What is the success rate of surrogacy?
Success rates vary by clinic and individual circumstances, but gestational surrogacy with IVF typically has success rates of 60-80% per embryo transfer. Many intended parents achieve pregnancy within 1-2 transfer attempts. Clinics should provide their specific success rate data during your consultation.
How is my baby brought home after birth?
You will need to complete citizenship processes through your embassy or consulate in the destination country. This typically involves DNA testing (for the genetic parent), birth certificate review, and application for a passport or emergency travel document. The timeline varies from 1-4 weeks depending on your country and the destination.
Your Journey Starts Here
International surrogacy is a significant decision that requires careful research, planning, and support. By understanding your options—destinations, costs, legal frameworks, and processes—you are taking the first step toward making an informed choice for your family.
Remember that you do not have to navigate this journey alone. GlobalStork is here to provide guidance, connect you with vetted agencies, and support you every step of the way. Whether you are just starting to explore or ready to begin, we are here to help.